Hypertension: Reasons, treatment, forecast, stages and risk rates

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system that affects one third of the world in terms of about one of the world's residents.Until the age of 60-65, more than half of the population was diagnosed with hypertension.The disease is called "a silent killer" because the verses may not be long, changes in the walls of blood vessels are already starting in an asymal stage, increasing the risk of vascular accidents.

The disease in Western literature is called an arterial hypertension (AH).Others accepted this formula, although both hypertension and "hypertension" are still in general use.

Note the problem of arterial hypertension, so much can cause much due to complications in the brain, heart and kidneys in the form of acute vein riots.Their prevention is the main purpose of treatment in order to protect normal blood pressure (BP).

An important point is to identify all possible risk factors,In addition to explaining their roles in the progress of the disease.The connection between hypertension and the current risk factors rate is shown in diagnosis, which facilitates the patient's condition and forecast.

For most patients, the diagnosis of diagnosis does not mean anything, not to say anything, rate and risk indicator, forecast and more aggravating pathology do not mean anything.In this article, we will try to understand what is diagnosed with hypertension and why the risk of complications.

Reasons and risk factors of hypertension

There are many reasons for arterial hypertension.GovPrimary or necessary, hypertension, we andWe mean no specific illness or pathology of internal organs.In other words, such hypertension, attracting other organs in the pathological process, occur.The initial hypertension is for more than 90% of chronic high pressure.

The main reason for the initial hypertension, the stress and psycho-emotional excess of the central mechanisms in the brain, which helps to disrupt the central mechanisms, and then the humoral mechanisms are involved in the target organs (kidneys, heart, retina).

Average hypertension- The manifestation of another pathology, so it is always known.Accompanies the diseases of the kidneys, heart, brain, endocrine disorders and are secondary.After the treatment of the main disease, hypertension is also away, so it does not mean to determine the risk and extent in this case.Symptomatic hypertension accounts for not exceeding 10% of things.

Risk factors for hypertension are also known to everyone.Clinics are being created in clinics that provide experts about the unfavorable conditions leading to hypertension.Any therapist or a cardiologist will tell the patient on the first case of high blood pressure mentioned.

The most important among the conditions that are prone to hypertension:

1. Smoking;
2. Excessive salt, extreme liquid setting in the meal;
3. Inadequate physical activity;
4. Alcohol operation;
5. Excess weight and fat metabolism disorders;
6. Chronic psycho-emotional and physical charge.

If we can rule out the listed factors or at least try to reduce the effects of health, these features such as sex, age, heredity can be changed, and therefore we should not forget the risk.

Determining arterial hypertension and risk level

The classification of hypertension covers the stage, the degree of disease and the level of risk of vascular accidents.

Phase of the diseasedepends on clinical manifestations.To emphasize:

• Prepare in advance when there are no signs of hypertension and illegal blood pressure;
• Hypertension stage 1, when pressure rises, crises are possible, but there are no signs of target organ damage;
• Stage 2 is accompanied by damage to target organs - myocardial hypertrophy, changes in the retinal eye and kidneys suffer;
• Phase 3 shots, myocardium Ischemia, vision pathology, changes in large ships (Aortosclerosis) are possible.

Hypertension degree

Determining the degree of hypertension is important in evaluating the risk and forecast and based on pressure figures.It is necessary to say that the normal blood pressure values are also different.So the indicator is up to 120/80 mm HG.The art.countoptimal,normalThe pressure will be between 120-129 mmhg.The art.systolic and 80-84 mm hg.The art.diastolic.Pressure numbers 130-139 / 85-89 mmhg.The art.It still lies in a normal limit, but the border is approached by pathology, so they are called "highly normal"And the patient is to say that it is a high normal blood pressure. These indicators may be accepted in advance, because the pressure should be resurrected only" several millimeters ".

From this moment, blood pressure reached 140/90 mm HG.The art.We can talk about the presence of the disease now.This indicator is used to determine the degree of hypertension:

• The 1st hypertension rate (Phase of HTN or AH in diagnosis) means an increase in pressure in the range of 140-159/90-99 mmhg.The art.
• Stage 2 headaches are accompanied by 160-179 / 100-109 mm HG numbers.The art.
• Phase 3 Pressure with hypertension 180/100 mmhg.The art.and higher.

This increases in the increase in systolic pressure figures, up to 140 mm HG.The art.And the higher, diastolic value is in normal values.They speak in this situationisolated systolic formHypertension.In other cases, the indicators of systolic and diastolic pressure are in line with various degrees of the disease, and then the doctor has diagnosed more extent and depends on the importance of drawing results based on systolic or diastolic pressure.

The most accurate diagnosis of hypertension has been diagnosed, the treatment has not yet been carried out, and the patient has not taken any antihypertensive medicine.During the therapy, the numbers fall and when stopped, in the contrary, so they will not be able to appreciate the rate at the required level.

The concept of risk in diagnosis

Hypertension is dangerous for its complications.It is no secret that the vast majority of patients are not high blood pressure, but the fact of high blood pressure, but the sharp disorders carrying it.

Cerebral bleeding or ischemic necrosis, myocardial infarction, kidney failure are the most dangerous conditions that are provoked with high pressure.After this point of view, after a comprehensive examination for each patientDiagnosis in diagnosis, diagnosis, diagnosed with numbers, diagnosis, hypertesence and vascular complication risk (eg, hypertension / hypertension 2, risk 4).

Risk stratification criteriaHypertension is used for patients with foreign conditions and other diseases and metabolic diseases, the presence of target bodies and patients with positive changes in the bodies and systems.

The main risk factors that affect the forecast are:

1. The patient's age is 55 years for men and after 65 years of age;
2. Smoking;
3. Lipid metabolism disorder (cholesterol, a decrease in high-density lipid fractions than the norm of low-density lipoproteins);
4. The presence of cardiovascular pathology between blood relatives under 65 and 55 is for women and men for women and men;
5. Excessive body weight, when there are more than 88 cm in the abdominal periods of 102 cm and women.

The following factors are considered to be the key, but many patients with hypertension are suffering from diabetes, gucose tolerance is violated, and there are abnormalities in the blood clotting system in the form of an increase in fibrinogenic concentration.These factors are taken into accountaddition, also increases the likelihood of complications.

Damage to the target organs is characterizing hypertension, which is characterized by Stage 2, and the risk is determined, so the patient's examination includes the heart of the heart, the renal function (creatinine, protein), the ultraction of the heart, blood and urine tests.

First of all, the heart suffers from high blood pressure, which pushes the blood to ships with an increasing force.As the arteries and arteries change, the walls of elasticity and lumens are gradually growing in the heart, when spasmodicates.A characteristic feature taken into account during stratification of risks is taken into accountmyocardial hypertrophyECG's suspected, can be determined by an ultrasound examination.

The involvement of the kidneys as a target body was shown in the creatine and urine in the urine and the appearance of albumin protein in urine and urine.Against the background of hypertension, atherosclerotic boards will appear in the walls of large arteries, atherosclerotic boards, ultrasound (carotid, brachiocephalic arteries).

The third stage of hypertension occurs with related pathology related to hypertension.Əlaqəli xəstəliklər arasında, proqnoz üçün ən vacib olanlar vuruşlar, keçici işemik hücumlar, ürək infarkt və angina, diabet, böyrək çatışmazlığı, retinopatiyası, retinopatiyası, retinopatiyası, retinopatiyası (retinopatiya) səbəbiylə nefropatiya (retinal zərər).

Thus, the reader probably thinks you can independently determine the degree of headache.It's not difficult, you just need to measure the pressure.Next, presence of certain risk factors, age, sex, laboratory parameters, ECG data, ultrasound, etc.Consider everything listed above.

For example, a patient's blood pressure matches the stage 1, and at the same time, which means that there will be a maximum of risk, which will be the maximum of a problem than hypertension.If the pressure is in the first or second degree and the only risk factors that can be recorded, the risk will be at the average level of risk - 1 OSH spot.(2 tbsp), risk 2.

You can summarize everything in a small table to clarify what is the risk indicator.By determining the above-listed factors and "count" degree, you can set the risk of vascular crashes and hypertension complications for a patient.The number 1 is low risk, 2 - medium, 3 - high, 4 - 4 means the risk of very heavy complications.

Risk factors	BP 130-139 / 85-89, Risk	GB (AH) 1, Risk	GB 2, Risk	GB 3, Risk
nobody	1	2nd	3rd
1-2	1	2nd	2nd	To 4
Three factors / target damage / diabetes	3rd	3rd	3rd	To 4
Related pathology	To 4	To 4	To 4	To 4

Low risk, not more than 15% of the possibility of vascular accidents, moderate and up to 20% high risk, the development of complications in a third of this group, more than 30% of patients are sensitive to complications.

Manifestations and complications of the headache

The manifestations of hypertension are determined by the stage of the disease.In the past, the patient feels good and only tonomet readings show a disease that is developing.

Changes in blood vessels and heart progress, symptoms appear in the form of visual symptoms, visual symptoms, visual symptoms, visual symptoms, appear in the form of "spots" in front of eyes.All these signs are not stated during the stable course of pathology, but the clinic is brighter in the development of a hypertensive crisis:

• Severe headache;
• Ringing in noise, head or ear;
• Darkening in the eyes;
• Pain in the heart region;
• Dispnea;
• Face hyperemia;
• The feeling of excitement and fear.

Hypertensive crises are incited by traumatic situations, excessive work, stress, coffee and alcohol consumption, so patients with already established diagnosis should devoid such influences.Against the background of a hypertensive crisis, the probability of complications increases sharply, including life threatening:

1. Bleeding or brain infarction;
2. Acute hypertensive essefalopathy, probably with cerebral edema;
3. Pulmonary edema;
4. Acute kidney failure;
5. Heart attack.

Can the blood pressure measure properly?

If there is a reason to suspect high blood pressure, the first thing a specialist will be measured.Until recently, blood pressure numbers were believed to be different in normal hands, but as he has practiced, the difference in 10 mm HG.The art.It can happen due to pathology of peripheral ships, so different pressures in the right and left hands should be cautiously treated.

To get the most reliable figures, it is recommended to measure three times pressure of each goal in a short timeTo achieve each result.The smallest values obtained in most patients are the most accurate, but in some cases, it is always increasing to the measurement of pressure for measuring measurements for non-hypertension measurements.

The availability of a large selection and facilities to measure blood pressure allows him to watch it in large people at home.Usually, hypertensive patients have a tonometer at home, that their health is bad, can measure blood pressure immediately.Without hypertension, it is possible that completely healthy people are possible without hypertension, so a part of the norm must not be considered as a disease, and in different times and repeated pressure.

The diagnosis of hypertension, blood pressure figures, electrocardiography information and heart auskultation results are considered key.It is possible to detect noise, growing tones and arrhythmias while listening.Starting from the second stage, ECG will show signs of stress on the left side of the heart.

Hypertension Treatment

Treatment modes included in the medicines and different movement mechanisms of different groups to correct high blood pressure.ThemselvesMix and dose is selected individually by the doctorTaking into account the response to a certain drug in the stage, the electorate pathology and hypertension.Prior to the diagnosis of hypertension and starting drug treatment, the doctor allows you to significantly increase the effectiveness of pharmacological drugs and sometimes reduce the dose of drugs or to give up.

First of all, it is recommended to normalize the mode, overcome stress and ensure physical activity.The diet is aimed at reducing coffee and drink and liquefaction and fluid intake and fluid intake and fluid intake of coffee and drinks and liquefies to stimulate the diet.If you are overweight, limit the calories and avoid fat, uni, fried and spicy foods.

In the early phase of hypertension, non-drug measures should be a good effect so that you need to determine medications that you will no longer need.If these measures are not working, the doctor prescribes relevant drugs.

The purpose of hypertension treatment is not to reduce blood pressure, but to eliminate its reason, if possible.

Antihypertensive drugs from the following groups are traditionally used in the treatment of hypertension:

• Diuretics;
• Angiotens II receptor antagonists;
• Ace inhibitors;
• Adrenergic blockers;
• Calcium channel blockers.

Every year, the list of medicines reduces blood pressure is growing and is also more effective and safe with less negative reactions.When starting therapy, a medication is determined at a minimum dose;If it is ineffective, it can be increased.If the disease is moving forward and pressure does not remain acceptable values, another medication is added to the first medication.Clinical observations show that the effect is better than determining a medication with merger therapy.

Reducing the risk of complications of the veins is important to choose the treatment regime.Thus, some compounds were noted that the bodies are more "protective" effect, while others allow the pressure to better control.In such cases, experts prefer to combine medications that reduce the likelihood of complications, even if some daily fluctuations of blood pressure.

In some cases, a pathology that makes the adjustments to adjust the adjustments in the treatment mode.For example, men with prostate adenoma are designated alpha-blockers that are not always recommended for use in other patients to reduce blood pressure.

Most used ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers,both young and old patients, as well as selected diseases, diuretic, sartans, or without or without sartans.In these groups, drugs are suitable for primary treatment, then can be added with the third medication of a different composition.

ACE inhibitors reduce blood pressure and also have a protective effect in kidneys and aokar.They are preferred in young patients, women who receive hormonal contraceptives for diabetes and older patients.

DiureticNot less popular.To reduce negative reactions, sometimes combined with "a tablet" ace inhibitors.

Beta blockersNot a priority group for hypertension, but the chief cardiac pathology - heart failure, tachycardia, is effective for coronary disease.

Calcium channel blockersCombining with ACE inhibitors, especially good for a bronchial asthma along with hypertension because they are not caused by bronchospases.

Angiotens receptor antagonists- Most assigned drug group for hypertension.They effectively reduce blood pressure and do not cause cough as many ACE inhibitors.However, in America, Alzheimer's disease is especially prevalent due to a 40% reduction.

In the treatment of hypertension, it is important to choose only an effective mode, but also to get medication for a long time, even for a long time.Many patients believe that the pressure can be stopped when the pressure reaches normal levels, but they hold pills with a crisis period.Symptoms of antihypertensive drugs are more harmful to health than not complete treatment, so the patient is one of the important tasks of the doctor who informs the patient.